That experience is the culmination of interactions with a variety of agents. Kaiser Family Foundation, The Media Family (Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family Foundation, 2006). Ask a question. government that is as small and limited as possible, most likely to support traditional family arrangements and prayer in school, supportive of political and social reform, extensive government intervention to reduce economic and social inequality. Children can develop patriotic values through school rituals, such as singing the Star Spangled Banner at the start of each day. It is the distance from about one-half feet to four feet. 16. Which of the following are results of the low levels of political knowledge among many Americans? A source of political information intended to stop candidates from making decisions on political matters, A source of political information intended to help citizens make decisions on political matters, A source of political information intended to stop citizens from making decisions on political matters, A source of political information intended to help organizations make decisions on political matters. Online polls cannot detect whether a person with multiple email accounts answers the same poll multiple times. Some remind concerned parents that children have an array of media and activities around them, and the children may be happy wearing their princess outfit while digging for worms or going to hockey practice, which run counter to feminine stereotypes (Wagner 2019). Personal ideology a. Polls are carefully designed and results are analyzed by statisticians and social scientists. True statements are reserved for powers granted to the states, such as ratifying legislation. Which margin of error is more predictive? The Supreme Courts approval rating is less susceptible to the influence of events. 3. - expansion of federal social services (t/f). Creative Commons Attribution License Workplace groups influence the opinions of employees. Additionally, peer groups provide their own opportunities for socialization since kids usually engage in different types of activities with their peers than they do with their families. What is the term for drawing electoral district boundaries in odd shapes in order to benefit a particular political party? A government policy provides subsidized time off work480 days for families with newbornswith the option of the paid leave being shared between mothers and fathers. and more. Keep in mind, however, that families do not socialize children in a vacuum. The beliefs people acquire early in life are unlikely to change dramatically as they grow older. The result is that fewer women than men seek careers in public office beyond the local level (Sapiro, 2002). - Franklin Delano Roosevelt's "fireside chats" In the past, many people worked a single job until retirement. -ability to randomly select respondents Which of the following was NOT used to measure presidential responsiveness to public opinion? This citizen-produced video shows peaceful protestors outside of the Supreme Court as the case of Bush v. Gore was being considered to decide the outcome of the 2000 presidential election. -wording of survey questions. This generation developed a reputation for lacking both knowledge and interest in politics (Strauss & Howe, 1992). This book uses the This generation is influenced by omnipresent technology, the war on terror, and parents who seek to protect them from societal ills (Strauss & Howe, 2000). a visual representation which presents a range of views relating to beliefs about equality of society and control of society, a range of beliefs from Republicans on the far-right to Democrats on the far-left, A group whose demographic distribution is similar to the overall population of the United States. Choose all of the following that can influence individuals who are trying to form opinions about a particular policy issue. consent of Rice University. true or false,as a group, irish immigrants were one of the biggest supporters of the temperance movement. When they have high levels of public approval. Its meaning is influenced by other nonverbal communication, such as staring impersonally. - protection of rights for gays and lesbians For some people, important ceremonies related to family structurelike marriage and birthare connected to religious celebrations. (Credit: woodleywonderworks/flickr). Which of the following was NOT used to measure presidential responsiveness to public opinion? According to the Korean government (and other East Asian nations), the textbooks glossed over negative events in Japans history at the expense of other Asian countries. Media are rich sources of information about government, politics, and current affairs. b. Lower-class children tend to be inadequately informed about politics. d. It is hard to get elected on a torture platform. Family members, teachers, religious leaders, and peers all play roles in a person's socialization. Which of the following is used to identify the increasing ideological homogeneity of political parties? Want to cite, share, or modify this book? The process by which people 's political opinions are formed 4. democrat and republican voters strongly disagree on almost all issues. There is a gender gap in political views between men and women on issues such as affirmative action and government spending for social programs. Few parents serve as political role models for their children. Which of the following most accurately describes the origins of political attitudes political socialization? How much was the finance charge? children are trained for successful occupations. Public opinion can be swayed by the media paying more attention to candidates who poll well during the fall and the first few primaries, a strategy known as the _________. Which statement regarding political socialization is correct? An early emphasis on beauty and can lead to reduced interest in math and science among girls, as well as avoiding educational scenarios that are "typically feminine" (Coyne 2016). Anatomy and Physiology questions and answers. Researching and learning background information about the candidate. When children participate in a relay race or a math contest, they learn there are winners and losers in society. The circumstances under which political socialization can take place are almost limitless. How might that be different from parental gender norms in the United States? The strategy that political figures use to socialize with the public in person and through the media. Most Americans quickly accepted George W. Bush as president when the 2000 election deadlock ended with the Supreme Court decision that stopped the recounting of disputed votes in Florida. Lyons, P., Class of 66 (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1994). The sample must be selected at random from a representative distribution of the population. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/5-3-agents-of-socialization, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Evaluate the roles of families and peer groups in socialization, Describe how people are socialized through institutions like schools, workplaces, and the government. How does the process of socialization occur? Today, the trend is to switch jobs at least once a decade. prejudice j. One indicator of a stable political system is that elections take place regularly following established procedures and that people recognize the outcomes as legitimate (Dennis, Easton, & Easton, 1969). income This means children are effectively socialized and raised to take the types of jobs their parents already have, thus reproducing the class system (Kohn 1977). competing forces try to persuade as many people as possible, and few people resist modification of their beliefs. There are reasons why each of these agents is considered influential for political socialization; there are also factors that limit their effectiveness. Women at Bennington College in the 1930s became active in community affairs as a result of their political socialization in college. Presidents are likely to act quickly and try to accomplish personal policy goals ________. 1. A number became leaders of the womens rights movement (Alwin, Cohen, & Newcomb, 1991). How is public opinion about American institutions measured? the number of people sampled must be at least 10 percent of the population, All of the following are necessary for an accurate public opinion poll EXCEPT. Public policy is always driven by public opinion. (Points : 1) It is occurs only in private situations, not in public. 3. Schools also serve a latent function in society by socializing children into behaviors like practicing teamwork, following a schedule, and using textbooks. dispositional cause a. If someone is a young poor woman, she is more likely to identify as a _______. central-route processing h. Negative attitude held by a person about the members of a particular social group. Peer relationships change later in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood, when groups are more often based on athletic, social, academic, and job-related interests and abilities (Harris, 1995). Niemi, R. G. and Jane Junn, Civic Education (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998). Free True False Q01 Some democratic governments monopolize radio and television broadcasting or own and operate television networks. The public is always interested in who will win. Many social factors affect the way a family raises its children. Peers (a group of people who are linked by common interests, equal social position, and similar age) can be influential in the political socialization process. Decisions on policies are influenced by the more educated public opinions. To be defined as an adult usually means being eighteen years old, the age at which a person becomes legally responsible for him- or herself. - President Bush supporting programs that assist the poor and needy. to shape the respondent's perception of the candidate or issue in question. against media bias by requiring broadcasters to grant "equal time" to both political sides of the aisle All of the following are true regarding how university education influences political . 1. are licensed under a, High, Low, Pop, Sub, Counter-culture and Cultural Change, Theoretical Perspectives on Deviance and Crime, Global Implications of Media and Technology, Theoretical Perspectives on Media and Technology, Social Stratification in the United States, Social Stratification and Mobility in the United States, Theoretical Perspectives on Social Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Global Stratification, Theoretical Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity, Theoretical Perspectives on Government and Power, Theoretical Perspectives on Health and Medicine, Population, Urbanization, and the Environment, Introduction to Social Movements and Social Change, The socialized roles of parents and guardians vary by society. Importantly, the obligation of such socialization is not simply on the worker: Organizational behavior and other business experts place responsibility on companies; organizations must have strong onboarding and socialization programs in order to build satisfaction, productivity, and workplace retention (Cebollero 2019). -The more education one has, the more tolerant of racial minorities one is. and you must attribute OpenStax. Children can learn by example when parents act as role models. 1. Some people believe that the increased collection of public opinion is due to growing support of _________. Workplace groups influence the opinions of employees. The political development of the millennials, those born between 1981 and 2000, is influenced by the terrorist attacks of 9/11 and its aftermath, as well as by the rise of digital technologies. People can witness politicians in action, including on the campaign trail, through videos posted on YouTube and on online news sites such as CNN and MSNBC. The pressure to conform to group norms can have a powerful impact on young peoples political development if group members are engaged in activities directly related to politics, such as student government or working on a candidates campaign. In many of those cases, if the character is not a princess to begin with, she typically ends the movie by marrying a prince or, in the case of Mulan, a military general. American political scientist Lucian Pye defined political culture as the composite of basic values, feelings, and knowledge that underlie the political process. Select the following statements that are true regarding the role education plays in political socialization. 16. Developing a political self begins when children start to feel that they are part of a political community. People learn about objects of material culture (like new technology and transportation options), as well as nonmaterial culturewhat is true (beliefs), what is important (values), and what is expected (norms). Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Workplace socialization occurs informally and formally, and may include material and non-material culture (Credit: U.S. Department of Agriculture/flickr). Riccards, M. P., The Making of American Citizenry (New York: Chandler Press, 1973). American Government and Politics in the Information Age by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Younger government leaders were more willing to adapt to changing conditions and to experiment with new ideas than older officials (Elazar, 1976). Why is the process of political socialization central to peoples understanding of public opinion? Religious institutions and ceremonies do not influence peoples political affiliations. Respect for authorities is emphasized, as teachers have the ability to reward and punish students through grades. religion a. When state governments instill different attitudes and beliefs in their citizens, this is known as _______. Every citizen should have the opportunity to take part in the government process. 4. politicization, personalization, idealization, Expert Help . Someone whose sole job is to go around the country discussing politics with young students at their schools, A source of political information that is intended to help citizens understand how to act and make decisions on political matters, A person who works for the government and tells people why they should vote for one candidate over another. Schools are not allowed to participate in political socialization because parents blame them for their childrens ideals. When children are required to work together on a project, they practice teamwork with other people in cooperative situations. 2. Political socialization is the process by which people learn about their government and acquire the beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors associated with good citizenship. Anatomy and Physiology. Shortcuts that people use to make decisions. Dennis, J., David Easton, and Sylvia Easton, Children in the Political System (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1969). Hebron Community Service Day 2013 CC BY-NC 2.0. And many people acknowledge that girls and women are often currently portrayed differently than they were in years past. The media pays more attention to candidates who poll well during early primaries. Government policy _____ to public opinion; public opinion ____ to government policy. A correction is essentially is known as amendment.It can take numerous forms, including the process of updating something through legislative or constitutional processes.It is the change made by the supreme legislative body in Constitution. 4. Given the importance of political environment in shaping political views, which policy area below might someone feel is more important if they grew up during the war on terror? Hyman had good reason for making this assumption. - extensive government intervention in the economy. 16. The first, the persistence model . Reserved powers are those that are exclusive to the states, such as ratifying amendments. O Socialization describes the ways that This problem has been solved! A source of political information intended to help citizens make decisions on political matters. Citizens who were frustrated about the poor state of the economy and who felt they could influence the political process identified with the Tea Party in the 2010 election and worked to elect candidates who promised to deal with their concerns. Religious congregation members are no longer discussing politics in places of worship. A Group Socialization Theory of Development, Psychological Review 102, no. Wealthier people may have more resources for participating in politics, such as money and connections, than poorer people. Like other institutions, these places teach participants how to interact with the religions material culture (like a mezuzah, a prayer rug, or a communion wafer). Protestors held views different from their peers; they were less trusting of government officials but more efficacious in that they believed they could change the political system. 1. In order to aggregate responses in a manner that reflects the quantified opinions of the population under study, the researcher must collect a ______. Dennis, J. and Diana Owen, The Partisanship Puzzle: Identification and Attitudes of Generation X, in After the Boom, ed. 4. -Few voters accurately translate self-interest into appropriate policy preferences. $21.63+$22.71+$24.95\$21.63 +\$22.71 + \$24.95 A. support of the Compromise of 1850 Which of the following is the first agent of political socialization for most people? Political legitimacy is a belief in the integrity of the political system and processes, such as elections. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Which of the following statements are correct regarding the effect of party polarization on public opinion? It is the change made by the supreme legislative body in Constitution. Family is the first agent of socialization. Although not all princesses in Disney movies play a passive role in their lives, they typically find themselves needing to be rescued by a man, and the happy ending they all search for includes marriage. What is an agent of political socialization? Another mother wondered what she did wrong when her three-year-old daughter refused to do nonprincessy things, including running and jumping. Socialization is largely a one-way process through which young people gain an understanding of the political world through their interaction with adults and the media. Older people can become active because they see a need to influence public policy that will affect their lives. Political efficacy refers to individuals perceptions about whether or not they can influence the political process. people who are able to influence the opinions of others because of position, expertise, or personality, determining which public policy questions will be debated or considered, information generated and distributed by the government in such a way as to give government interests priority over candor, concept that people change as they grow older because of age specific experiences and thus are likely to hold age-specific attitudes, a long lasting effect of the events of a particular time on the political opinions of those who came of political age at that time, the value assigned to a person due to occupation or income. As academic understanding of history evolves, textbooks in the United States have been scrutinized and revised to update attitudes toward other cultures as well as perspectives on historical events; thus, children are socialized to a different national or world history than earlier textbooks may have done. For example, parents who take an active role in politics and vote in every election often influence their children to do the same. The protest affirms that textbooks are a significant tool of socialization in state-run education systems. The capacity of mass media to socialize people to politics has grown massively as the number of media outlets has increased and as new technologies allow for more interactive media experiences. Socialization is a process that introduces people to social norms and customs. Subsequently, two other models have emerged from the literature regarding political socialization since then. A) Religious institutions are important agents of socialization for some, but not for others. Merriam, C. E., The Making of Citizens (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1931), 16061. The public is always interested in who will win. In plenty of other words, states have all powers that the Constitution does not provide to the national government. a. Peer groups are important to adolescents in a new way, as they begin to develop an identity separate from their parents and exert independence. College students can form opinions based on their experiences working for a cause. A) The expression of attitudes about government and politics. The use of more personalized forms of media, such as text messaging and participation in social networking sites, has expanded exponentially in recent years. Members of the Kennedy family have been prominently involved in politics for over a century, illustrating how the desire to participate in politics is passed on generationally. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, The lower the margin of error, the less accurate the poll is. Respondents might not want to talk to the person conducting the interview. For example, they show the child how to use objects (such as clothes, computers, eating utensils, books, bikes); how to relate to others (some as family, others as friends, still others as strangers or teachers or neighbors); and how the world works (what is real and what is imagined). Public opinion remains constant regardless of variables. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. A hierarchical power structure exists within many families that stresses parental authority and obedience to the rules that parents establish. Which of the following is not true about political socialization? Generation X has been portrayed in films such as Slacker, The Breakfast Club, and Reality Bites. Agents, including parents, teachers, friends, coworkers, church associates, club members, sports teams, mass media, and popular culture, pass on political orientations. A mid-2017 survey showed that 13 percent more men than women believed Donald Trump was doing a good job as president. Modern public opinion polling is a process that has been around for centuries and is unofficial way of collecting data. Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between religion and ideology? Media also establish linkages between leaders, institutions, and citizens. Niemi, R. G. and Mary A. Hepburn, The Rebirth of Political Socialization, Perspectives on Political Science, 24 (1995): 716. What is the primary source of political socialization? These government dictates mark the points at which we require socialization into a new category. 7The importance of adult socialization is never explicitly denied but it is largely ignored when it comes to assembling quantifiable evidence. A correction is essentially is known as amendment. A nurse is carrying out the plan of care developed for a client diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID). Internet polling methods are problematic because they have a high likelihood of what type of error? Public opinion has not been consistent over the years. Introducing children to political activities, such as voting, shapes their political beliefs and attitudes as they grow up. -Party polarization decreases the impact of other information on public opinion. The government can easily and substantially influence public opinion. Each time we embark on one of these new categoriessenior, adult, taxpayerwe must be socialized into our new role. This trend is partially a result of the medias preoccupations with personal scandals surrounding politicians. Traits associated with political leadership, such as being powerful and showing authority, are more often associated with males than females. 4 (August 2000): 103348. Polling is done, but results are not studied in depth. 1. Young people even will change their political viewpoints to conform to those held by the most vocal members of their peer group rather than face being ostracized. Opinion polls have the greatest measured effect during ________. Kindly login to access the content at no cost. - People may support policies against their own self-interest. The seminal events they relate to are the explosion of the Challenger spacecraft and the Iran-Contra hearings. Just as children spend much of their day at school, many U.S. adults at some point invest a significant amount of time at a place of employment. In Sweden, for instance, stay-at-home fathers are an accepted part of the social landscape. A theory that assumes the politician is in office to be the voice of the people, A theory that supports the delegates right to choose which way to vote, A theory that provides politicians with the option to become delegates, A theory that gives each state the right to have one delegate. Young children develop a basic sense of identification with a country. When a political campaign relies on social media, consumer purchasing patterns, and even Netflix cues to complement public-opinion polls, what is it called? The higher the margin of error, the more predictive the poll is. Personal ideology 5. A group whose demographic distribution is similar to the overall population of the United States. The Tenth Amendment stipulates that "the powers not granted to the United States by the Constitution, nor forbidden to the states by it, are reserved for the states, or to the people.". Hess, R.and Torney, J. It also calls for violent retribution against rival gang members for actions such as trafficking drugs in the Kingss territory. From ceremonial rites of passage that reinforce the family unit to power dynamics that reinforce gender roles, organized religion fosters a shared set of socialized values that are passed on through society. a. Group of answer choices The political system of a country is independent of its economic and legal systems. Entertainment media, including television comedies and dramas, music, film, and video games also contain much political content. Awareness of politics as a distinct realm of experience begins to develop in the preschool years (Dennis, Easton, & Easton, 1969). Craig, S. C., Malevolent Leaders (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1993). A) Most people are born with a complex set of political views. These key events include war and economic depression. Reserved powers are those that are exclusive to the states, such as ratifying amendments. Dawson, R. E. and Kenneth Prewitt, Political Socialization (Boston: Little Brown and Company, 1969). Saphir, M. N. and Steven H. Chaffee, Adolescents Contribution to Family Communication Patterns, Human Communication Research 28, no. Strauss, W. and Neil Howe, Millennials Rising (New York: Random House, 2000). Levels of confidence and trust in government immediately declined Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . Agents also may come into conflict and provide vastly different messages. Instead, vague idealssuch as the textbook concept of the model citizen, who keeps politically informed, votes, and obeys the lawserve as unofficial guides for socializing agencies (Langton, 1969; Riccards, 1973). Because Supreme Court Justices are not elected but hold apolitical positions, people give them lower approval ratings than presidents and Congress. the aggregate of individual attitudes or beliefs shared by some portion of the adult population, general agreement among the citizenry on an issue, public opinion that is polarized between two quite different positions, the lack of an opinion on an issue or policy among the majority, the process by which people acquire political beliefs and attitudes. 3. Most peoples political experiences occur vicariously through the media because they do not have personal access to government or politicians. answer choices. Young people often have warm feelings toward the political system. While schools have great potential as agents of political socialization, they are not always successful in teaching even basic facts about government to students. Americans are taught to respect the democratic and capitalist values imbedded in the American creed. Young people raised in this type of family will often initiate political discussion and encourage parents to become involved. They may find themselves in need of health care and other benefits, and they have more time for involvement. Politicians sometimes use public opinion polls to guide their decisions and actions. The family is the primary influence in the formation of individual values. in order to win the presidential election in 1932, franklin delano roosevelt had to, what position did both the Democrats and Whigs support in the 1852 presidential election? (Multiple Choice) .
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